If you agree with what Marx is saying about the political economists, what would you make of modern economic science? They do so, however, only because their science develops more consistently and truthfully”. “These later economists also advance in a positive sense constantly and consciously further than their predecessors in their estrangement from man. Can you justify the Physiocrats' argument that agricultural labour is the only productive labour? and how do the political economists refute the Physiocrats?ģ. How would you sum up what Marx is saying about Adam Smith's Labour Theory of Value?Ģ. He falls into the working class, whilst the worker (but only exceptionally) becomes a capitalist”?ġ. What does Marx mean by saying: “The capitalist is completely sacrificed. In what way does Marx describe a progressive role for capital in this chapter?Ģ. What concretely does Marx mean by the practical attiutude of the workers, and the theoretical attitude of the non-worker? What then are “theory” and “practice”? Why does emancipation of the working class mean “universal human emancipation”?ġ3. What point is Marx making about private property when he says: “just as the gods were originally not the cause but the effect of the confusion in men's minds”?ġ2. What does it mean: “Consciousness, which man has from his species. In the context of this chapter, what do you make of the struggle for a shorter working week? And what about wage increaases?ġ0. How does Marx prove the alienation of man from Nature?ĩ. Why is a worker alienated, not just from the product of her labour, but from herself? And is this true of all workers?Ĩ. What does Marx mean by “Political economy conceals the estrangement in the nature of labour by ignoring the direct relationship between the worker (labour) and production”?ħ. Isn't the objectification of human powers a good thing, something essential to developing an identity and for people to gain the recognition of other people? Why and how does objectification become alienation?Ħ. Why is it that a worker becomes poorer, the more welath he produces?ĥ. Is there a necessary relation between division of labour and exchange?Ĥ. Can you think of an example of explaining things “on some imaginary primordial condition”? and what has this to do with the Fall of Man? Isn't the rupture of tribal society into classes an example of this?ģ. It does not explain it.” Can you justofy this statement?Ģ. “Political economy proceeds from the fact of private property. How does Marx connect the fate of feudalism to the fate of landed property?ġ. What are the two ways that Marx sees the downfall of landed property?Ģ. What do you make of Marx's criticism of business secrecy, adulteration of products, profiting from poverty, monopoly pricing and people whose interests are opposed to that of the public?ġ. What does it mean: “Capital is thus the governing power over labour and its products” and “the governing power of capital over the capitalist himself”?Ģ. How would you sum up Marx's attitude to the political economists?ġ. Where does this idea of wages as the cost of living of a worker come from?Ĥ. What do you think Marx means by “criticism”?Ģ.
Marx accuses certain “critical theologians” of either setting out from certain authoritative presuppositions, or doubting these presuppositions, abstracting from them. Study Guide for Marx’s Economic & Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844ġ. Study Guide for Marx's Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844
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